Contract Law Assignment Essay

From looking at the circumstances laid out(a) by Grab regarding the purchase of a sandwich shop, it seems that the or so likely action is that of misrepresentation.A misrepresentation is defined at familiar law as a instruction of fact do by nonpareil troupe to the some other party, which is false. While non necessarily attaining a term of the snub, is yet one of the main reasons which induces the one party to enter into the contract and is support by the Misrepresentation spell 1967.From the facts of the side according to Grab, it seems that he is unhappy about the purchase of the shop. There are two issues present here c at one timerning misrepresentation. Firstly, he specifically inquires to Dino whether Porthampton Institute (who are the shops main customers), if it was going to re-locate out of town, which was said to be rumoured. Grab refers to the statement made by Dino explaining that he had asked a neighbour, who is a senior planning official with the City Counc il, and assured Grab that no move is planned. Once buying the shop the institute moved out of town, causing the income of the shop to be substantially reduced.The second issue concerning misrepresentation is that of the traffic turnover for the prior three divisions. Dino explained to Grab that the shop was receiving up to ,000 per year. But after purchasing the shop Grab asked his posterant to look over the figures and found that it had only reached ,000 in the final stage year and was below ,000 for the previous two years.However for Grab to have an action for misrepresentation, he must basic come out that Dinos statements were those of fact and were false. It is necessary to discover whether the statements are a misrepresentation in the legal sense. A false statement of opinion is not a misrepresentation of fact -Bis restore vWilkinson. However, where the person openhanded the statement was in the position to cognize the true facts and it can be proved that he couldnt re asonably have held such a view as a result, his opinion will be treated as a statement of fact. This would apply to the statement made by Dino about Porthampton institute not moving. Grab trusted Dinos reassurance about no move being planned, because he had asked a person who looked like they were in the position to know the answer i.e. Dinos neighbour, a senior planning official for the City Council.In this case to the general person, it would seem that Dinos statement about the sandwich business having a turnover of up to ,000 per year for the previous three years is a statement of opinion due to the language used. Dino states up to ,000, inwardness it may come across as a statement of fact because Grab sees Dino as a person who has owned the business and run it for the last ten years, suggesting that he had some skill or knowledge of the subject matter of his statement. The case of Smith v Land and House Property corp is an example of how the courts could view Grabs case. In t his case a statement that the tenant of the house concerned was a truly reliable person which was considered to be a statement of fact rather than a statement of opinion as ..the opinion was being made by somebody who had the knowledge to make such a statement, so in my opinion the courts could view Dinos statement as a statement of fact in this context, as he had the knowledge to make such a statement due to his position as the owner of the sandwich business.If the courts were going to look deeper into Grabs case they could look at another issue concerning silence. Generally silence is not a misrepresentation. The effect of the maxim caveat emptor is that the other party has no duty to disclose problems voluntarily. Thus if one party is labouring to a lower place a misapprehension there is no duty on the other party to correct it Smith v Hughes . However there is an exception to that rule which may help Grab. Half truths the representor must not misleadingly pronounce only part of the truth, thus a statement that does not present the whole truth may be regarded as a misrepresentation as in the case of Nottingham Brick & Tile Co. v Butler .We need to find out whether the statements made, induced Grab into signing the contract. The courts would look to four conditions laid pot by a series of cases to decide whether the statement did induce the contract to be entered into by the representee. The first of these is defined by the cases of Smith v Chadwick and Museprime Properties Ltd v Adhill Properties Ltd where it was decided that the representation must be material to the subject matter of the contract. The second is that the representee must have relied on the misrepresentation. The misrepresentation has material value the business profit margin. It can be seen adequateley important enough to influence Grab as a bonny person.Once Grab has proved that both the statements made by Dino are actionable misrepresentation it is necessary for me to advise him o f the type of misrepresentation which has occurred, which depends on the mind of the representor at the time he made the statements.The first type of misrepresentation is fraudulent misrepresentation at common law. I would advise Grab that this bears a very high standard of proof and is very backbreaking to prove, as he would need to prove that Dino was deliberately dishonest in making the statement. Another type of misrepresentation is that of negligent misstatement at common law. Here the claimant must prove that there was a special relationship between the parties and he must also prove all the elements of the tort of negligence. However, once again this is difficult to prove as the burden of proof is on the wronged party, and I would advise Grab that it would be difficult to prove that Dino knew that he would act on his representation.I would advise Grab that it would be better to attempt to repudiate the contract under the doctrine of negligent misrepresentation under the Misr epresentation Act 1967, for the statement about the turnover of the business being not exactly true. This is because s2 (1) of the act changes the burden of proof, shifting it to Dino who must now prove that he had .reasonable grounds to believe .and did believe the statement(s) to be true.. , if Dino cannot prove that he believed the statement to be truethan he will be negligent, moment he will be liable for alter and or rescission of the contract (subject to certain bars of rescission).This burden can sometimes be difficult to discharge as shown in the case of Howard Marine & Dredging Co. v Ogden & Sons . I would advise Grab that the decision of the courts in the case of Howard Marine, if it was to be followed by the courts in his case, that it could be an important factor. In Howard Marine the courts said that for them to reasonably believe their statement was true they must take reasonable steps to verify this fact i.e. the manufacturer of the ship. If it is established that D ino did not have proper recordings of the business accounts, this could be a major factor in Grabs case.Now that damages for negligent misrepresentation may be awarded the question arises whether the representees own negligence, which has contributed to his decision to enter the contract operates to reduce proportionality to the liability of the representor. The courts may take this into account with Grab that contributory negligence is present here, because Dino offered him the chance to look over the business turnover accounts before putting in an offer to purchase. As in the case of Gran Gelato Ltd v Richcliff (group) Ltd , Sir Donald Nicholls V-C decided not to make any reduction in the damages awarded, on the ground that the defendants intended that the plaintiffs should act in reliance on the misrepresentation, so they cannot complain when liability is imposed precisely because the plaintiffs did act in the way the defendants intended .Innocent Misrepresentation is another for m of misrepresentation. It must be regarded as a false statement, which was made neither fraudulently nor negligently. In fact, as a result of the wording of s.2 (1) of the Misrepresentation Act 1967, the representee must not only have believed the statement, but must be able to prove that he had reasonable grounds for believing it. The victim of an clean-handed misrepresentation is entitled to rescission of the contract, and to an indemnity intended to help restore the parties to the position before the contract was made. There is no right to damages for impartial misrepresentation, but the court has a discretion to award damages in lieu of rescission provided the right to rescission has notbeen lost as set out in s.2 (2) of the Misrepresentation Act 1967.It is clear with Grabs case that Dino made a false statement innocently, which can be believed to be correct because he asked a senior planning official who was a neighbour of Dino. Even though the information was not completel y right, it still looks reasonable enough to believe such a statement.Overall, my advice to Grab is if he prosecutes Dino with innocent misrepresentation for the move of the Institute and negligent misrepresentation regarding the turnover of the business, the courts would look into giving Grab the right to rescission, putting him in the position before the contract was first made and also they would calculate the loss of earnings for the ten months that he was in ownership of the sandwich shop and award him with compensation. It is not definite that the courts will uphold both negligent and innocent misrepresentation but the contract between Dino and Grab will definitely become voidable as opposed to becoming void. Meaning that he will receive either rescission or damages, but that would be for the courts to decide. Overall Grab has a strong case against Dino.