Business ethics and law Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Business morals and law - Assignment Example There are numerous moral predicaments that face people managing in deals. These problems emerge from connection with people and offices both inside and from outside the association. Deals work force are inclined to confronting more moral clashes than people managing in different lines of business. These people are not as firmly directed as different specialists and they assume a major job in raising salary for the association. This paper looks to archive the weights that an agent working for an organization that offers specialized help to clients may confront. The paper will dive into the predicament the individual will confront when the association doesn't hit its first and second quarter benefits successively. The agent is paid on commission, and the organization has not lived up to its quarterly desires for the first and second quarters. This means a fall in the company’s income. As a worker of the organization, the person in question has the obligation to execute his dutie s with tirelessness and strength as his exertion is expected to understand the company’s by and large focused on execution (Weiss 213). At the point when the organization isn't understanding its objectives, it impacts on its serious limit against its adversary organizations. Proceeded with inability to acknowledge targets will drive the organization to settling on choices on changing pay rates and wages to its faculty or saving a few. The agent is feeling the squeeze from his obligation to the organization to help understand its objective. The salesman has two little youngsters whom the person underpins from the pay the individual gets from working for the business organization. The individual is simply yet one of thousands of individuals utilized by the organization and who most likely additionally make due on the pay rates and wages they get from the organization. Having not made any deals for some time, the agent is most likely abandoning a few things that the person in qu estion needs since reasonableness is going down with the need or decrease of pay. The individual and presumably the others working for the organization have maybe needed to cut on specific uses in order to make a decent living with the state of affairs going in the organization. Family needs are a significant wellspring of weight in the circumstance confronting the salesperson. 500 Company has moved toward the delegate to flexibly them with 3,000 new PCs. The organization stands the hazard to bring about significant expenses in the event that they don't get the PCs. I'm not catching this' meaning for the individual and 500 Company? The individual has the human commitment to make sure that the organization doesn't bring about the costs when the person can help. There are individuals who work for the organization simply like the person and numerous others work for their organization. Acquired expenses in 500 Company will maybe mean poor stock cost as well as decreased pay rates and wa ges for its laborers further influencing other honest individuals who rely upon these laborers (Weiss 215). It will likewise imply that 500 Company will do ineffectively in its presentation comparative with its rivals. The salesman will feel committed to help evade such a situation from occurring. 500 Company needs all the 3,000 PCs provided in two months’ time. The agent has 1,000 new PCs prepared in the distribution center. The deficiency of 2,000 new PCs should be requested from the maker. Though the individual realizes that it would take the production two months to prepare the 2,000 new PCs for 500 Company, the person additionally realizes that the producer is battling with such a large number of requests as of now. The individual has the alternative of settling the negotiation with 500 Company and convey the 1,000new PCs accessible and request the rest from the producer. By what means will settling the negotiation with 500 Company sway on the representative’s org anization? The individual in question will empower their organization to meet its third quarter’s target and improve its stock cost. What will it mean for the delegate? The delegate will win a decent commission from the arrangement and he, or she

Google Documents - Add ons for Math

Google Documents - Add ons for Math For clients that have bridled the intensity of Google archives and an assortment of apparatuses that can be added to up the client experience,â here are some math instruments you may discover extremely valuable. Number cruncher It is convenient to have a mini-computer at your grip for those occasions when you have to perform basic capacities amidst a report. No compelling reason to ricochet between windows or open a spreadsheet for this;â simply introduce an adding machine from one of the numerous decisions like the Calculator application from the Calculator Add on menu. Handy and precise - this works! Recipe Editor Add this powerhouse to the sidebar of the record and you can type complex equations for addition without hardly lifting a finger. To cite the application: Recipes can be made either utilizing the science input enclose or by composing their LaTeX portrayal. The outcome is then rendered as a picture and embedded into your archive. On the off chance that you have ever attempted to make equations and their unmistakable arrangement in a book report, you will value an instrument this way. Charting Calculator Add-On (Such as Whizkids CAS) This extra can: Comprehend conditions and plot graphs.Find numerical and careful solutions.Simplify and factorize articulations with variables.Drag and drop results and charts from the sidebar in Google Docs. The best part is that it does what it says it can do! g(Math) On the off chance that you need the Quadratic recipe, this is the device to utilize. Complex conditions, custom characters, and geometric signs can be utilized. You can connection to information tables that are as of now in the record. Indeed, even the Speech to Math in Chrome can be gotten to make articulations. MathType Now and then all you need is the capacity to frame math thoughts in the best possible language and arrangement. MathType can deal with this quick and easily. This instrument can likewise be utilized in the Google Sheets application so adaptability is at your fingertips.â As Google and the Google applications keep on picking up acknowledgment in client circles, increasingly imaginative and helpful math additional items will show up. Dont settle for not as much as what you need. Glance around, as new arrangements are coming each day​

Mark Zuckerberg Visits MIT

Mark Zuckerberg Visits MIT In the time Ive been at MIT, weve had some interesting characters pass through the tute Obama, Bill Gates, will.i.am, and Lady Gaga  have all made appearances during my time at MIT because of some sort of collaboration with people here. Its neat-o business, folks. And as of last Monday, we got to add Mark Zuckerberg, co-founder and current CEO of Facebook, to that weird, weird group of people. After finding out that my name had been drawn for the lottery to see him and  Mike Schroepfer (VP of Engineering) have a discussion with our chancellor Eric Grimson, I packed up my FlipCam, skipped my Monday afternoon class, and biked on over to the auditorium. And just for you guys, I got some footage of his talk. Sorry in advance for all the shakiness. Here is ~10 minutes from the 1 hour talk: (Now let me just preface my $0.02 that Im about to spill by saying that I am by no means and expert in anything related to business, internet policy, legal stuff, technology, society, OKAY LETS BE REAL IM NOT AN EXPERT IN ANYTHING.) Things Elizabeth Learned From Attending Mark Zuckerbergs Talk:   Why he was here in the first place I actually didnt know, and no one else seemed to know, either. He had a random press conference in the morning. Then we all realized that he was here to basically recruit people to work for Facebook. I guess thatd be cool if I wasnt a n00b. So, sorry Mark. Cant help you out, but Rachel  can! There are some people who make it big because they are ridiculously, ridiculously brilliant, relentless and special. Then there are some people who make it big because they are pretty smart but ridiculously, ridiculously lucky. Zuckmeister seems to fall into the latter category. How Elizabeth Felt After Hearing Mark Zuckerbergs Talk: Significantly more terrified of the internet, technology and the world than I ever was before. Now, you might be thinking, Hold up, echoe you got to see Mark Zuckerberg the youngest billionaire in the world, the founder of Facebook talk. Wasnt that SO cool?! And my response is yes, there was definitely some degree of novelty to his visit, but at the same time it made me soberingly-aware of how much we rely on technology despite its gaping holes. I dont mean to take jabs at Zuckerbergs intellect or anything (and Im certainly not the one to judge, as I am one of the n00biest coders round these parts), but my general impression of the guy was that he is sort of aloof and unaware of the power and influence that he holds and that he has a lot of [dare I say more competent] people working for him while he gets to enjoy being the celebrity of the company. There are many things I admire about him, sure, but at the same time I couldnt help but take in some of the things he said and the way he downplayed a lot of issues with a sinking sense of horror. Take, for instance, the way he r esponds to the question about privacy issues at the end of the video there are serious repercussions to the way Facebook has handled their privacy policies, yet he simply spun it off as a Oh, were this company and we make mistakes but overall things are going okay and were learning from them sort of deal. Right after I stopped taping, he actually talked about how different pre-Facebook and current culture are in tolerating people mistakes that because with Facebook, you run the risk of posting pictures or things that you might regret later on, its and this is a direct quote Making the world more forgiving and understanding and more empathetic. Whaa? The thing that was so unsettling for me wasnt the stuff about sharing embarrassing photos with potential employers, it was the sharing of more personal information to, say, advertisers (or other, similar parties). Zuckerberg talked about the future of the platform as it could incorporate into things outside of social networking, like the health care system, in which case I foresee a lot more hell breaking loose. It was overall a very bizarre experience as I realized that the worlds youngest billionaire is a kid. Hes a kid. He makes and has made mistakes that impacted a lot of people because although he is a very smart kid, he didnt really know how to play fair (or play at all) in an adults world at the beginning. He didnt know how to run a company, but he also really lucked out in that it seems hes found himself a very good support staff. Who knows where all of this technology is going to go in the future? Alls I know is, being at MIT and being surrounded by cutting-edge technology a ll the time, there are three things I want to have when I grow up and start a career: Courage Perspective Humility (Luck would also be really, really nice.) What are your thoughts?

Implementing Low Carbon Technologies Through Programs And...

†¢ To help industries adopt low-carbon technologies through programs and services designed to help reduce greenhouse gas pollution while also reducing costs. Technologies will help to improve energy productivity and help industrial plants modernize so they can thrive in a competitive low-carbon economy. Key Point 2 †¢ The second initiative will be to help the agri-food sector adopt low-carbon technologies through the reduction of emissions and retrofitting agricultural facilities. Both of these together will address expanding technologies and practices to reduce emissions and to support the transition to low-carbon, indoor agricultural facilities. Action Area 5: Collaboration with Indigenous Communities Key Point 1 †¢ Ontario is looking to partner with First Nation communities to ensure a transition to non-fossil fuel energy that will minimize the impact on the communities. This can potentially be done through investments in energy efficiency, micro-grids and renewable energy. Remote communities will be connected to the provincial electricity grid through the partnership of the federal government and First Nations. Renewable energy such as biomass, solar and waterpower will be the focus of the projects. A fund will be established for community-level greenhouse gas pollution reduction projects and for community energy and climate action planning. Jobs will be established among post-secondary institutions that are low-carbon along with training partnerships. This initiativeShow MoreRelatedCsr Programs And Corporate Social Responsibility1728 Words   |  7 PagesSince 1998, Bank of America has become one of the most successful financial institutions in the industry. With the mission to †Å"make financial lives better, through the power of every connection†, Bank of America has maintained aligning operation with its vision. While assisting its clients understand their money, the company also puts a lot of effort into helping the communities by executing Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). It is undeniable that the company has successfully addressed many criticalRead MoreThe Marketing Environment Southwest Airlines944 Words   |  4 PagesThe Marketing Environment Southwest Airlines Every industry from healthcare to manufacturing faces environmental challenges. Many thoughtful companies respond through various marketing strategies. The airline industry, in particular, seen a host of environmental factors since 2001 including air quality, climate change, emissions, and noise regulations to name a few. Southwest airlines, in particular, have taken specific tactics to both blunt and exploit these environmental factors. As a result, SouthwestRead MoreStrategic Goals Of Ups, A Service Provider Of Choice1335 Words   |  6 Pagesexpectations. The firm has established several short and long term strategic goals to remain a service provider of choice and to attract new clientele. Goal setting is a critical component of business that allows business owners and its team members the opportunity to improve or incorporate business strategies designed to elevate the firm’s performance. Two primary strategic goals of UPS is to grow its value added services of UPS Store s by targeting small businesses, and continue to expand its internationalRead MoreThe And Best Practices For Transportation Partnership Program1226 Words   |  5 PagesSmartWay Transport Partnership program and how Ship Greene can meet its sustainability objectives by joining it. Additional best practices for freight trucking sustainability improvements and related case studies will also be examined. Best Practice 1. SmartWay Program (Include table for Smartway transport partnership program) Costs vs. Benefits-Add costs benefits about load matching and route planning EPA’s voluntary public-private SmartWay Transport Partnership Program, was launched in 2004 as aRead MoreThe Agricultural And Food Sciences1713 Words   |  7 PagesUNIVERSITY OF MANITOBA FACULTY OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCES Internationally Educated Agrologists Post-Baccalaureate Diploma Program (IEAP) AGRICULTURE INDUSTRY IN NIGERIA AGRI 4000-PRACTICING THE PROFESSION OF AGROLOGIST Nathaniel Akinkunmi 7764897 Introduction The agriculture industry in Nigeria has opportunities that are not maximized due to challenges it is facing. Background Nigeria is the most populous country in Africa with a population of 177,155,754 and was governed byRead MoreDefinition Of Corporate Social Responsibility1007 Words   |  5 PagesDirectors must also comply with these guidelines as well as a separate, Directors Code of Conduct and Ethics. Furthermore, Roger’s combats anti-corruption with their whistle blower problem called Rogers STAR, a hotline operated by an independent service provider for employees to report any ethical or financial misconduct. The second issue under fair operating practices, fair competition, is approached by Rogers Telecom in ensuring customer transparency. Customer transparency allows for consumersRead MoreTransportation And Distribution Of Transport1538 Words   |  7 Pagesneeded to supply the demand within the area. Substantial number of trucks and vehicles along the road causes congestion and traffic in which led to carbon emission exaltation. 2. Logistics Scheme Plowden and Buchan (1995) states â€Å"Freight transport is essential to the modern economy. An efficient system must provide the customer with a good service at a reasonable cost.† Conversely, with the development of bottleneck in city areas has called into attention to check our capability to bring aboutRead MoreDescription Of Microsoft Energy Policy1837 Words   |  8 PagesDescription of Microsoft Energy Policy Microsoft in May 2012 made a commitment to go carbon neutral. The goal is to achieve zero emissions for their data centres, software development labs, offices, and employee business air travel in over 100 countries around the world. To achieve this goal, they have implemented an internal carbon fee policy that places a price on carbon used by the business. This is to drive energy efficiency, increase the use of renewable energy, thus meeting their goal of reducingRead MoreEnergy Management in Thermal Power Plants895 Words   |  4 Pagessteam raised in a boiler is expanded through a steam turbine that drives an electric generator. In a thermal power plant, the chemical energy stored in fossil fuels such as coal, fuel oil, natural gas is converted successively into thermal energy, mechanical energy and finally electrical energy for continuous use and distribution across a wide geographic area. Thermal Power plants have very high availability. Their unplanned or forced outage rates a re very low. Thermal Power Plant assets need toRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility : Bank Of America1776 Words   |  8 PagesSince 1998, Bank of America has become one of the most successful financial institutions in the industry. With the mission to â€Å"make financial lives better, through the power of every connection†, Bank of America has operated its business align with its purpose. While assisting its clients understand their money, the company also put on a lot of effort on helping the communities by executing Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). It is undeniable that the company has successfully addressed many critical

A Radio Frequency Identification ( Rfid ) - 879 Words

As technology advances so does the threat to our privacy as citizens, we enter into this technological world worried only with what’s new and hot and not diving deeper into how these devices are collecting data on us. One of these new devices is called a Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) it’s a wireless system of both what is called tags and readers that pick up radio waves and hold information. The many uses include Inventory control, Equipment tracking, Out-of-bed detection and fall detection (FDA). Companies that employ such things as RFID tags morally should inform those who would be impacted by their use. On the CPSC website it has the â€Å"Federal Hazardous Substances Act or FHSA† it states â€Å"The Federal Hazardous Substances Act (FHSA) requires precautionary labeling on the immediate container of hazardous household products to help consumers safely store and use those products and to give them information about immediate first aid steps to take if an accident happens. (CPSC) It was hard to find a specific need for labeling or informing of such a product as the RFIDs if they are integrated into regular business practice, such as mentioned grocery usage or healthcare uses. There has never been a warning label or label of any kind on webcams for their potential risk which became reality being hacked and streamed by strangers. CBS reported on the issue in 2014 of Russian hackers tapping into hundreds of thousands of private webcams and streaming what is shown on th e web.Show MoreRelatedRfid ( Radio Frequency Identification ) Essay1383 Words   |  6 PagesRFID (radio frequency identification) uses radio waves to transmit information between RFID tags (chips) and RFID readers (What is RFID?, n.d.). There are two basic types of RFID tags. Active tags are larger and more expensive because they require an independent power supply to function, passive tags are cheaper, smaller and do not need a separate power supply (The Different Types of RFID Systems, n.d.). Initially, we will be implementing the use of passive RFID tags, which will help control theRead MoreRadio Frequency Identification ( Rfid )1909 Words   |  8 PagesRADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION (RFID) IN SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT Nor Faridah Omar Abstract— RFID tagging is an ID system that uses low-frequency detection device for the purpose of identifying and tracing. It includes the tag, the device which reads and writes and host system for the application of data collection, processing and transmission which relies on storage and retrieve data remotely using a tag or transponder [1]. RFID tagging is used in supply chain management as an alternative to barcodeRead MoreRadio Frequency Identification : Rfid1452 Words   |  6 PagesRadio frequency Identification What are RFID? RFID is a term used for Radio frequency Identification. RFID is a developing technology and have many uses in our life. It is a technology which can be used to transfer data wirelessly and using it for tagging the different products. It has various benefits over the the Barcodes. Barcodes can only be used to tag a single object at a time.So it s a time consuming option. On the other hand use of RFID to tag objects can solve this problem. It can beRead MoreRadio Frequency Identification ( Rfid )1582 Words   |  7 Pages â€Æ' Table of Contents Introduction 2 What is RFID? 2 RFID in Supply chain management 2 How has RFID implementation improved Supply chain performance at Wal-Mart 3 Impact of RFID technology on SCM Effectiveness – Food Industry in Iran 3 Short comings of RFID 5 Future of RFID 5 References 6 Introduction In this paper we will discuss how Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) influences the role and importance of supply chain management in organizations. This paper will also discussRead MoreRadio Frequency Identification ( Rfid )1260 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Message Authentication in RFID† Proposal for topic Radio-frequency identification (RFID) is the remote utilization of electromagnetic fields to exchange information, for the reasons of consequently distinguishing and following labels joined to questions. The labels contain electronically put away data. A few labels are fueled by electromagnetic impelling from attractive fields created close to the peruse. A few sorts gather vitality from the examining radio waves and go about as a detached transponderRead MoreRadio Frequency Identification ( Rfid )925 Words   |  4 PagesRADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION (RFID) Son Le, ITM 435 Ho Son Ngo, Ph. D â€Æ' TABLE OF CONTENTS â€Æ' The name Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) dates back to the early 1990s. The technology has roots in radar-related work done in the 1940s. During World War II, the military used transponders for the important purpose of identifying a returning aircraft as friend or foe. These systems remain in use today. The military continues to invest in new uses of radio and radar technologies that ultimately couldRead MoreRfid : Radio Frequency Identification1134 Words   |  5 Pages RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) Radio Frequency Identification(RFID) is a chip that transmit data to receivers. RFID is use vastly in many areas of the health care operations. Each chips send a unique signal to where it could be located. RFID can be used for different reasons for instance; tracking pharmaceuticals inventory in a health care facility, collecting data to identify providers to ensure efficiency in care, tracking and monitoring infants while they are hospitalized and ensuringRead MoreRfid ( Radio Frequency Identification )1256 Words   |  6 PagesINTRODUCTION RFID (radio frequency identification) is a technology that was originally developed for use in transponders in aircrafts during the Second World War. RFID is an information and sensor technology that can be attached or inserted into objects to collect data through reader devices and tags. It uses wireless radio waves to transmit and uses devices such as RFID readers, RFID tags, and middleware. The RFID system consists of three components 1. The transponder, which is a small electronicRead MoreRfid And Radio Frequency Identification1685 Words   |  7 Pages1. INTRODUCTION NFC is an extension of RFID (Radio Frequency Identification). RFID combines the interface of a smart card and a reader into a single device. NFC is a short range wireless technology that provides secured two-way interaction between electronic devices. Here, the communications are established in a simple way i.e. it does not require any special set-up by the users which is required for many wireless communication technologies. NFC provides users the contactless communication i.e. accessRead MoreRadio Frequency Identification ( Rfid ) Essay2037 Words   |  9 PagesAbstract—Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is a technology for automated identification of people and products, and is getting more involved in our daily lives. RFID consists of a RFID tag or transponder, a RFID reader or transceiver, and the data processing system has been evolving with time. RFID technology is also helpful when used with money, but there is a main limitation while using RFID technology. It is privacy and security. That is why, Electrical and computer engineers work with this

Project Management Integration Framework Free Essays

Financial risk management can be defined as the definitive sourcing of practical guidance on market management and credit risk. It can be subdivided into two parts, which are, the macro and the micro risk management. There are a number of differences between the two risk management approaches. We will write a custom essay sample on Project Management Integration Framework or any similar topic only for you Order Now For example, in macro risk management, there is application of technology to alleviate financial risks or losses. This procedure can be done by focusing on the risk management of a firm – an approach which is unmistakable but takes a lot of time. The major tool used in this undertaking is the use of ‘stress test’ upon portfolios which analyzes the joint force of the wider set of risks in meaningful ways. This process provides more information about the risk and provides an opportunity for diligent analysis (Dash, 2004). Even though the risk usually has been notified to the management, the total risk that is inbuilt into the system is not discarded. The concentration on the financial system thus changes the risk profile in the industry. The risk profile becomes unpredictable and can thus cause serious effects in the business economy. On the other hand, while executing macro risk management, one requires shifting from the notion that the stability of a system is a consequence of the accuracy of individual components. Modern risk managers thus focus on the development of the tools to evaluate the possibility of credit deals which may result in the collapse of the firm. The transmission of risks within a firm may thus result in distress with its associates. Through this strategy, the risk managers can scrutinize how negative financial shocks, such as capital outflows, can negatively magnify a sector’s risk. This approach helps them to design and alleviate the risk by adjusting the chief fiscal surplus so as to relieve the shocks. Managers thus have the opportunity to grade their policies. To take precaution on macro risk management, the management should therefore involve the staff who are always involved in the testing of the continuity plans and who are aware of the plans. In addition, this technique helps managers to examine other firms’ strategies which have been proven successful. Managers will also analyze others’ methods which they can successfully adapt into their circumstances. Conversely, in micro risk management, one starts by providing a general background of financial risk management which illustrates how the risk arose in the firm. This information explores the key concepts used in past risk management and provides a way to curb its reappearance. One thus discovers the main concepts used in risk management and can thus articulate them through well-known financial disasters of the past. One can also devise ways to avoid the risks. This technique allows managers the opportunity to devise the methods to be used to manage the market risk and how to forward it, spot it, and other mechanisms of identifying the risk. This provides a detailed analysis of the models used in pricing the risks and how each model can be used to determine and control risk. After this, the financial risk management will round up the scrutiny and the lessons on the risk management portfolio which gives a firm a clear understanding of the risk and its management. Through this, one can automate audits and susceptible management throughout the running of the firm. Subsequently, the collected automates accessed are then used to control all assets in the firm followed by their testing to identify the most vulnerable risks which may reappear in the firm. This activity provides the most effective way to detect and curb a micro risk at its initial appearance. Reference Dash, J. W. (2004). Quantitative finance and risk management: A physicist’s approach. Toh Tuck Link, Singapore: World Scientific. How to cite Project Management Integration Framework, Essays Project Management Integration Framework Free Essays There are three main components that must be fulfilled by a project for it to be truly successful; it must be completed within the set budget, schedule and deliver the expected outcome and quality. If one of these components is not met, even if the project is completed, then the project cannot be said to be successful. Project failure is common and may result from various reasons; one of these reasons is that, the project may actually be impossible. We will write a custom essay sample on Project Management Integration Framework or any similar topic only for you Order Now Take for example the failure of the Apollo program, which was American spaceship that landed the first man in moon. This project ran well from the year 1969 up to 1975. Apollo 13 failure of oxygen tank and the Apollo 204 tragedy, which led to loss of lives shows that the mission could no longer be safe as planned. Furthermore, the objectives of the project were impossible to be achieved since the main goal was to find out if human beings could survive in the moon and live comfortably or even in any other planet apart from earth. Incompetent management is another common reason that may lead to project failure. A good example is the disappearing warehouse project for a Software company in the nation. The warehouse varnished not only from the physical view but in watchful eyes of a retailer who was well known in the system of automated distribution. Software glitch somehow had erased the existence of the warehouse and thus goods destined to that warehouse were diverted to other routes where as the goods in that warehouse for a certain time languished. Employees at that missing warehouse kept quiet in that time since they were receiving their pay. As the software glitch was noticed, the warehouse was then sold off and the senior management requested the employees to be quiet on the episode. This led to the failure of that software project. Finally over-constrained is another reason that leads to their failure. Football clubs are good examples. Wenger, the Arsenal club manger had a plan to make the club to continue performing well and win all the trophies. This continued for some time but failed. This football club traces its failure at that period due to over-constrains in the management as well as in the players. This club since then has not been able to win trophies despite its continuous shines in the frequent years before. How to cite Project Management Integration Framework, Essays

Ethical Implications of Complexities †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about Ethical Implications of Complexitiesthe . Answer: Introduction In the past, Australias social framework provided with important differences and opportunity and results among the genders which led to Prejudice and discrimination among men and women. In the past 150 years there was a rise in womens rights and privileges therefore Australia turned out to be worlds prejudice and discrimination among men and women. In the past 150 years there was a rise in womens rights and privileges therefore Australia turned out to be worlds initial country second nation which gave females the vote in 1902 (Gonsiorek, 2014). With the changes in social construction of roles of men and women, women got more leverage in fields like education, family and work place. But, there are certain factors of gender inequality which prevailed in modern Australian community as well. The research continues to repeat that businesses with gender diversity in the leadership teams provide with improved and great financial outcomes. The companies where gender diversity happens in leadership teams are seen to be profitable and extra productive than the companies where single gender dominates. There are great economic and social factors for businesses to promote gender diversity at every level. Worldwide study of 2360 firms in 2012 stated that the company with at least single lady on the board did better than firms with none female on board, by 26% over 6 years (Campbell, 2014). Similarly, 2014 Gallup research stated that with 800 firms in retail and hospitality segment, the firms having gender diversity were financially better performers than those which had dominance of single gender (Shannon and Smith, 2017). Gender Inequality and Citizenship Gender inequality is a problem which has got widespread coverage in past 20 years because females have to struggle for overcoming cultural, social and institutional hindrances so that they can get similar opportunities and privileges like males at their workplaces (Fuller, 2008). One more key issue that is faced by females in labour market is that while they enter the workforce again after maternity leaves, theyre unable to get suitable jobs. The career breaks fir to maternity can be linked to downward shift of jobs with low skill needs and makes the employer feel that females are not capable enough to match their male counterparts. These inequalities are present because of many cultural and structural barriers apparent in Australian culture, which can be seen in the place of work. So as to build gender equity in the place of work, gender typecasts have to be removed andaccess to possessions should be made equivalent to both the genders.Arrangements have to be made to lessen inequalities in career prospects, and development, betweengenders. Equality of salary in Australia is of major worry, and has been for an extended phase of time. On no version of Australia's record, have females and males salaries ever been equivalent; somewhat they have forever had a noteworthy gap among them (Headline dominating a Virginia newspapers front page: Gender disparity vexes physicists, 2015). This has observed females to be underestimated, leading to lots of favouritism and suffering in the workplace for females. Males have been dominations the high salary in the place of work of all industries by getting superior wages, over-reward imbursements, superannuation and superior likelihoods of promotion. Laws, rewards and wage rates have been created to attempt and reduce the wage gap, though none have had complete effect in attaining parity. Policies have to be made and applied in the place of work; to attempt and conquer this wage disparity prior to it worsens. Conclusion While there are far less instances of obvious gender-based favouritism in Australia, the development in the direction of true substantive gender impartiality has evidently halted. The significant barrier in Australia to achieving substantive gender oriented equality is efficient gender linked discrimination, described as exercises which are been taken up into the organizations and constitution of Australian culture which have an unfair impact. Instances of this discrimination can be seen in gap among females and males salary owing to rigid work practices, and arrangements which disregard sex discrimination and sexual stalking (Salaries: Gender pay disparity, 2017). In spite of the reality that Australia did lay down world standards in accepting females as important members of society, dealing with these inequalities is the significant technique wherein Australia can move on the way to having proper gender fairness. The confirmation of gender favouritism is rooted in the past, practic e and society. Gender inequality is an extremely hampering disgrace and causes damages of womens psychology of their value and solemnity to themselves and to culture. References Campbell, L. (2014). Ethical implications of complexities in diversity: Response to Hancock.Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity, 1(2), pp.112-113. Fuller, J. (2008). Review of Ccommunicating Gender Diversity.Gender and Language, 2(2). Gonsiorek, J. (2014). The second issue of Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity.Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity, 1(2), pp.89-89. Headline dominating a Virginia newspapers front page: Gender disparity vexes physicists. (2015).Physics Today. Salaries: Gender pay disparity. (2017).Nature, 543(7645), pp.455-455. Shannon, B. and Smith, S. (2017). Dogma before diversity: the contradictory rhetoric of controversy and diversity in the politicisation of Australian queer-affirming learning materials.Sex Education, 17(3), pp.242-255.

Childhood Trauma and Substance Abuse in Adulthood Essays

Childhood Trauma and Substance Abuse in Adulthood By: Lauren Gonder CA 401 Child Advocacy II: Responses, Dr. Quanda Stevenson Children are precious yet pliable beings. Children develop through their experiences both physically and psychologically . These experiences calibrate the brain and the body to prepare us for the different environments we face. If a child is brought up in a home where they are constantly being abused and/or neglected, they are programed into learning to take care of themselves. Emotional problems arise when a child is faced with abuse and/or neglect. As they grow older, they may be led to become a part of a bad crowd, to feel like they are a part of something , or to self-medicate to block unwanted feelings . There has been a resurgence in the understanding of what makes a person addicted. Early childhood trauma may be the link to substance abuse in adulthood because of neurological anomalies and emotional trauma. Brain plasticity is the brain 's ability to change at any age, whether it be for the best or the worst. How the brain develops and its physical structure can be affected by one's experiences, positive or negative. Positive experiences, like a nurturing upbringing, is where a child will thrive in most conditions. Negative experiences, like abuse and/or neglect, causes elevated levels of stress and can obstruct the brain's development. Not all stress is bad, though. Our brain works like a muscle and learning requires a small amount of stress. It's when the stress is too large, too often, or too erratic for one person to control. Chil d maltreatment effects the brain's normal structure that impact cognitive, behavioral , and social attributes . Studies have proven that children who are mistreated are the causes for the high levels of stress with in turn causes disruptions in the brain's normal structure. These disruptions have bee n studied in neurological scans proving victims of trauma are vulnerable to substance abuse. Emotional or psychological trauma is a form of damage to the mind that occurs as a result of a severely distressing event. Neglect, loss of a parent, witnessing domestic violence, and having a family member who suffers from a mental illness are just a few of the occurrences that promote emotional trauma. The study of Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) was studied and proven that different stress-producing experiences that occur during childhood are the explanations of substance abuse and other forms of impulsive disorders. The study calculated the amount of ACE's a person endured, and depending on the quantity of experiences, the greater the probability of becoming an alcoholic or intravenous drug user. The experiences that are extremely traumatic for children are much less traumatic for adults. Children are limited in their ability to make contextual interpretations , lack a frame of reference, and have difficulties making sense of the se experiences. Significant occurrences have a lasting effect on children and are more likely to linger. Children are supposed to be able to rely on their loved ones for support, but when a child's loved ones are the center of the abuse, neglect, or other trauma, family support is not an option. When a person is faced with a difficult situation and has no one to turn to, they will use alcohol or drugs to lessen the effects of being victimized. Self-medication is also modeled from a potential family member' s substance abuse. Having a substance abuse problem on top of early traumatic events only makes recovery that much harder. Having a working knowledge of the events that lead up to substance abuse can better assist medical professionals in the recovery of these dual-disorders. In addition, knowing that early childhood traumatic experiences provoke substance abuse and other reckless addictions, the federal and state institutions, and society as a whole, can work towards preventing child maltreatment. Parents need to be aware of their stresses in knowing that they can be the defining factor in how their child's brain develops. Putting a stop to child maltreatment can reduce the amount of people who develop substance abuse disorders and in turn reduce other contributing factors that hinder society. Bibliography BIBLIOGRAPHY Felitti, V. J. (2004, February 16). The Origins of

Organizational Behavior Motivation Essay Example

Organizational Behavior Motivation Essay Example Organizational Behavior Motivation Essay Organizational Behavior Motivation Essay MGMT 2008 Organisational Behaviour Motivation Theory Throughout the Caribbean, managers are continually challenged to motivate a workforce to do two things: work towards helping the organization achieve its goals, and to work towards achieving their own personal goals. In order to successfully do this, they must first properly understand the concept of motivation. The Websters New Collegiate Dictionary defines a motive as something (a need or desire) that causes a person to act. Motivation, in turn, is defined as the act or process of providing a motive that causes a person to take some action. In most cases motivation comes from some need that leads to behavior that results in some type of reward when the need is fulfilled. Thus, managers have the responsibility of making employees willing to exert high levels of effort, sufficient to achieve their personal needs as well as the organisations goals. Psychologists have studied human motivation extensively and have derived a variety o f theories about what motivates people. These include theories that focus on motivation being a function of 1) employee needs of various types, 2) extrinsic factors, and 3) intrinsic factors. One major needs-based theory was that of Abraham Maslow which focused on satisfying the needs of employees to keep them motivated. Maslow (1954) proposed a hierarchy of needs that progresses from the lowest, subsistence-level needs to the highest level of self- actualization. Once each level has been met, the theory is that an individual will be motivated by and strive to progress to satisfy the next higher level of need. Basically this hierarchy suggests that people are motivated to fulfill basic needs before moving on to other, more advanced needs. This hierarchy is most often isplayed as a pyramid with the most basic needs at the lowest levels of the pyramid, while the more complex needs are located at the top. Those needs at the bottom of the pyramid are basic physical requirements including the need for food, water, sleep, and warmth. Once these lower-level needs have been met, people can move on to the next level of needs, which are for safety and security. As people progress up the pyramid, needs become increasingly psychological and social. Soon, the need for love, friendship, and intimacy become important. Further up the pyramid, the eed for personal esteem and feelings of accomplishment take priority. Maslow emphasized the importance of self-actualization, which is a process of growing and developing as a person in order to achieve individual potential, located at the tip of the pyramid. Maslow believed that these needs are similar to instincts and play a major role in motivating behavior. Physiological, security, social, and esteem needs are referred to as deficiency needs (also known as D-needs), meaning that these needs arise due to deprivation. Satisfying these lower-level needs is important in order to avoid unpleasant feelings or consequences. The highest-level of the pyramid was termed as growth needs (also known as being-needs or a-needs). Growth needs do not stem from a lack of something, but rather from a desire to grow as a person. Frederick Herzberg (2003) and his Two Factor Theory further modified MasloWs needs theory and consolidated down to two areas of needs that motivated that deal with Job context and lead to Job dissatisfaction (company policy and administration, supervision, interpersonal relationships, working conditions, salary, status, and security); while motivators are those factors that deal with Job content nd lead to Job satisfaction (achievement, recognition for achievement, the work itself, responsibility and growth or advancement). Herzbergs findings revealed that certain characteristics of a Job are consistently related to Job satisfaction, while different factors are associated with Job dissatisfaction. The conclusion he drew is that Job satisfaction and Job dissatisfaction are not opposites. The opposite of satisfaction is no satisfaction and the opposite of dissatisfaction is no dissatisfaction. Remedying the causes of dissatisfaction will not create satisfaction. Nor will adding the factors of Job satisfaction eliminate Job dissatisfaction. In order to adequately motivate employees, managers must first removed the sources of Job dissatisfaction and subsequently and those of satisfaction. The search for needs- based motivation theories also leads to McClellands Acquired Needs Theory, which surrounds the idea that needs are acquired throughout life. That is, needs are not genetic, but are learned or developed as a result of ones life experiences (McClelland, 1985). This theory stipulates that there are three major types of needs, hich are the need for achievement (which emphasizes the desires for success, for mastering tasks, and for attaining goals); the need for affiliation (which focuses on the desire for relationships and associations with others); and, the need for power (which relates to the desires for responsibility for, control of, and authority over others). All of these theories approach needs from a somewhat different perspective and are helpful in understanding employee motivation on the basis of needs. However, other theories of motivation also have been posited and require consideration by managers in compiling motivational strategies. Another approach to understanding motivation focuses on external factors and their role in understanding employee motivation. Best known for this is B. F. Skinners (1953) Reinforcement Theory which studied human behavior and proposed that individuals are motivated when their behaviors are reinforced. His theory is comprised of four types of reinforcement. The first two are associated with achieving desirable behaviors, while the last two address undesirable behaviors. Positive reinforcement relates to taking action that rewards positive behaviors; avoidance learning occurs hen actions are taken to reward behaviors that avoid undesirable or negative behaviors. This is sometimes referred to as negative reinforcement. Punishment includes actions designed to reduce undesirable behaviors by creating negative consequences for the individual; and, extincti on represents the removal of positive rewards for undesirable behaviors. Theories that are based on intrinsic factors focus on internal thought processes and perceptions about motivation. Examples of these kinds of theories include Adams Equity Theory which proposes that individuals are otivated when they perceive that they are treated equitably in comparison to others within the organization (Adams, 1963); Vrooms Expectancy Theory which addresses the expectations of individuals and hypothesizes that they are motivated by performance and the expected outcomes of their own behaviors (Vroom, 1964); and, Lockes Goal Setting Theory which hypothesizes that by establishing goals individuals each of these theories deals with a particular aspect of motivation, studies have found it unrealistic to address them in isolation, since these factors often do come nto play in and are important to employee motivation at one time or another. Other approaches to motivation are driven by aspects of management, such as productivity, human resources, and other considerations. The most famous theory in this regard is McGregors Theory X and Theory. Created by Douglas McGregor, this approach again draws upon the work of Herzberg and develops a human resources management approach to motivation. This theory first classifies managers into one of two groups. Theory X managers adopt an authoritarian style and generally believe that the verage person dislikes work and will avoid it he/she can; therefore most people must be forced with the threat of punishment to work towards organisational objectives; and the average person prefers to be directed, to avoid responsibility, is relatively unambitious, and wants security above all else. Theory Y managers, on the other hand, take a participative management approach and believe that effort in work is as natural as work and play; people will apply self-control and self-direction in the pursuit of organisational objectives, without external control or the threat of unishment; commitment to objectives is a function of rewards associated with their achievement; and people usually accept and often seek responsibility. Altogether, whilst all of the aforementioned theories are helpful in understanding management and motivation from a conceptual perspective, it is important to recognize that most managers draw upon a combination of needs, extrinsic factors, and intrinsic factors in an effort to help motivate employees, to help employees meet their own personal needs and goals, and ultimately to achieve effectiveness and balance within the rganization. Managers should take into account most of the aspects upon which these theories focus, namely expectancy, goal setting, performance, feedback, equity, satisfaction, and commitment for example, when they are developing a motivational strategy for their employees. The literature which surrounds motivation theory suggest a wide range of strategies for managers to implement in seeking to help motivate employees. First off, managers should expect the best from their employees as persons tend to live up to the expectations they and others have of them. (Manton, 2005, p. 292). They should also seek to reward desired behaviours and ensure that rewards are not given for undesirable behaviors and be sure to use many different types of rewards to achieve the desired outcomes (Manton, 2005, p. 295). Allowing subordinates to take responsibility for their own motivation is another strategy. This can be achieved by managers taking steps to deal with problem employees, to understand employees needs, to determine what motivates their employees, to engage employees in the problem-solving process, and to really work hard at resolving, rather than ignoring, difficult employee problems (Nicholson, 2003). Additionally managers show seek to play to the employees strengths, promote high performance, and focus on how they learn. This requires them to know what their employees strengths and weaknesses are, to find out what will be required to get specific employees to perform, and to understand how to capitalize on the ways those employees learn as an alternative method of encouraging and motivating them (Buckingham, 2005). Motivating an employee is a delicate task. Caribbean managers effectively put them in practice. Should these managers place more focus on roviding their employees with sufficient extrinsic rewards for desired performances, there is an increased likelihood that said employees will become motivated. However, creating an environment which facilitates employees satisfaction of intrinsic needs, is equally as important in motivating employees and keeping them motivated. References The Websters New Collegiate Dictionary Herzberg, F. (2003, January). One more time: how do you motivate employees? Harvard Business Review. Locke, E. A. , Latham, G. P. (1990). A theory of goal setting and task performance. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. Maslow, A. H. 1954). Motivation and personality. New York: Harper Row. McClelland, D. C. (1985). Human motivation. Glenview, IL: Scott, Foresman. Skinner, B. F. (1953). Science and human behavior. New York: Macmillan. Vroom, V. H. (1964). Work and motivation. New York: Wiley. Adams, J. S. (1963, November). Towards an understanding of inequity. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology. Manton, J. (2005). From management to leadership. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Nicholson, N. (2003, January). How to motivate your problem people. Harvard Business Review. Buckingham, M. (2005, March). What great managers do. Harvard Business Review.

Exotic and unique Australia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Exotic and unique Australia - Essay Example Kangaroo island’s economy mainly comprised of agriculture with lobster fishing and while service sector grew with prominence. Kingscote is the administrative center, and it is the largest town. The island has numerous nature sanctuaries to guard the fragments of its native animals and natural vegetation, with the Flinders Chase National Park being the biggest and the best-acknowledged park (Smith 9). Mathew Flinders, a British explorer, alit near Kangaroo Head on Dudley Peninsula in 1802. Nicolas Baudin, a French explorer, followed later on and mapped most of the Island. Kangaroo Island became the first free settlement in Australia with runaway sailors, escaped convicts and sealers calling it home. Kangaroo Island is bestowed with inborn animals in primeval settings. They include the sea lions in their habitation at Seal Bay and petite penguins swaying to shore in Penneshaw (Wakefield 12). The island has jagged adventurous landscapes and pleasurable beaches. The island also has a Hike Hanson Bay for hiking and Kelly Hill Conservation Park for caving. One of the unique elements of the Kangaroo Island is the remarkable ancient rocks. The island coast, on the other hand, has dolphins that people swim with, snorkel vivid reefs and dive shipwrecks. The wildlife in Kangaroo Island is comprised of birds like pelicans, ducks, swans, wader and little penguins. The Island is a home to two hundred sixty seven bird species and hundreds of peaceful kangaroos. Other animals include wallabies, possums and kangaroos that are most active on their nocturnal tour from American River (Wakefield 12). Flinders Chase National Park has awe-inspiring rock formations and Admirals Arch. Still the island is bequeathed with historic lighthouse surroundings where people learn about the introverted existences of light custodians and their families. The infinite coastal escapades dive with sporadic leafy sea

Cholesterol and cardiovascular disease Research Paper

Cholesterol and cardiovascular disease - Research Paper Example Keywords: Cholesterol, hypercholesterolemia, heart attack, statins INTRODUCTION Cholesterol is a fat, a sterol. It is one of the main constituents of the cell membranes. Animal cells exclusively manufacture cholesterol, so it is an animal fat. Cholesterol is insoluble in water and is classified on the basis of density into very low density lipoproteins, intermediate density lipoproteins, low density lipoproteins and high density lipoproteins. The elevated levels of cholesterol in the human body play a very drastic role. The most crucial among all the effects is its effect on heart. The related symptoms may also arise depending upon the quantity of it in the blood and organs. REALTION BETWEEN CHOLESTROL AND HEART DISEASE When the level of cholesterol rises in blood, it starts getting accumulated in the inner walls of the vessels. Not all the fats are bad. There are two main types of cholesterol, we will deal here. One is the good cholesterol, HDL and other is bad one, LDL. These are t he two major types of fats in which they move around in the body. LDL clogs the arteries and HDL actually works opposite to it and helps clearing the cholesterol from blood. The total cholesterol level should be less than 200 mg/dL. The LDL level should be below 100 mg/dL. In general, higher the LDL levels, more are the chances of getting cardiac diseases. The LDL is of low density, it tends to accumulate in the blood vessels instead of circulating in the blood. Over the time, this buildup of LDL causes the hardening of the arteries. The arteries narrow down and blood flow gets slow. The blood is therefore, unable to carry the nutrients to the heart and person suffers from the chest pain. As the plaque deposit grows, it can block the main artery, coronary artery, causing heart attack (Webmd.com, 2013). RISK OF GETTING CARDIAC DISEASE Hypercholesterolemia is a modifying risk factor for coronary artery disease. There are many risk factors associated with an elevated level of cholester ol in body, some major are obesity, diabetes, heart failure, congestive heart disease, hormonal imbalance, glucose production inhibition, bleeding disorders, gynecological disorders like infertility, eye sight loss and many more. Heart attack is the major cause of death in the world. This heart attack and related cardiac diseases are due to the cholesterol. It is estimated that 54% of deaths in the Eastern Mediterranean Region are due to CVS disorders. In Oman, it is about 49%, and 13% in Somalia. The deaths due to the heart problems in UAE are about 28%, 19% in Sudan and 52% in Lebanon. About 600,000 Americans die due to heart attack. Coronary artery disease is the most common cause of their death. Every year, about 7 million Americans have heart attack. Out of these, some might had had an attack and others suffer first attack. The risk factors contributing to these deaths are obesity, poor diet, excessive alcohol intake and high lipid intake. The most common among all is the diet having high levels of bad fats along with sedentary lifestyle. About 49% have these risk factors in general,

Philosophy And Personal Identity Philosophy Essay

Philosophy And Personal Identity Philosophy Essay Personal identity starts at the moment of conception, within time personal identity can change or not change. The change in identity differs in many instances by causes of psychological, physical or environmental changes in the person life. As life progresses in time people tend to change their views on many issues and identity is involved with those issues. Day to day activities also play an important role on a persons present or prior identity by being exposed to different elements encountered within their mind while operating in these activities. The mind is the most important influential part of a person to establish their identity thru time present or future. The identity is very important for the well being of a person in their everyday life, at work, and even with their relaintionships. When it comes to philosophy Personal Identity is a very broad and extensive topic, many philosopher have their own views on the issue. On the other hand my personal choice for this paper has to be a very well known philosopher by the name of John Locke who was one of the greatest in Europe in the late 1600s and early 1700s until his death. John Locker was born into the stage in Europe which was called the Enlightenment in which he helped find the identity of Thomas Jefferson to the idea of the Declaration Of Independence by stating this men are endowed with certain inalienable rights, and that among these are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. With these words stated by Thomas Jefferson, John Locke began his successful thrill of Philosophy and the issue of Personal Identity. As Locke explains his version of Personal Identity he explains it in a higher power and often relies on faith, as opposed to science, to aid him in his major life decisions by using his personal identity. John Lockes views on personal identity are set out in the selection, Of Identity and Diversity, taken from his Essay Concerning Human Understanding. In this essay he talks about humans are able to understand by applying his theories and ideas. John Locke had his heart of personal identity in Section 9 of his essay in which he states his idea of a person is that of a thinking, intelligent (rational) being with consciousness of itself (self-consciousness). The notion of a thinking intelligent being amounts to this.While John Locke had his opinion and theories on personal identity other philosophers do too.In reference Identity is very complex and it has no set definition everyone agrees on. Sarup (1996) talks about identity by using the example of a passport. This may include a photograph of the person as well as other details including nationality, a persons full name and date-of-birth. While a passport is a form of identity it does not express who you are as a pers on. It shows you who you are so that you can be recognized in a bureaucratic sense (Sarup, 1996). Sarup the author states that identity is to do with who one thinks one is, what one believes and what one does. While Kidd another author believes that identity relates to how we think about ourselves as people, how we think about other people around us and what we think others think of us. In other words, the ability to figure out (Kidd, 2002)who we are as a person. Kidd the other author states that we are shaped by our culture, and we shape it and perpetuate in it in our day-to-day lives. Although culture and identity are often linked they are, in fact, different in many ways than one . With culture representing the macro pattern- the bigger picture- and identity representing the smaller more micro meanings we have as individuals ( Kidd, 2002, p.7). In my personal identity I have experienced many facets within my 25 years of living in this earth.My personal identity has been developing each minute of the day,as well as days on and in years.In my readings and research I personally coincide with authors who state that personal identity is divided by two subsets.These two subsets are characterized by experience and learning.On the contrary to Lockes beliefs I feel these two subsets characterize my personal identitys growth.According to Wenger, identity can be seen as a negotiated experience, which is developed through engagement in practice in which gives us certain experiences of participation and what our communities pay attention to makes us as participants (Wenger, 1998). Identity in practice is defined socially not merely because it is believed in a social discourse of the self and of social categories, but also because it is produced as a lived experience of participation in the specific communities (Wenger, 1998, p.151). Learning is a very crucial item people should encounter because it benefits us in the long run when it comes to our daily lives and personal encounters and relaintionships.The many things ive learned thru out my years has set out to my advantage and my personal identity .While working for different companies and organizations my personal identity has differed in each setting because I had a different role in each one.Having different roles in each of my jobs,my personal identity had to change in time in order for my tenure their to be successful and keep up with the rest of the laborers.According to the author Wenger A sense of a learning trajectory gives us ways of sorting out what matters and what does not, what contributes to identity and what remains marginal (Wenger, 1998, p.155). When we speak of ones personal identity we speak as what makes us the person that we are.Our identity consists of what makes us unique and different as an individual and from others.According to Locke personal identity does not involve the body at all,the person could be involved by his soul.If such would occur Locke suggested that the person could be transferred by his own soul.However personal identity to Locke cannot be equated with the identity of a thinking substance either because the identity doesnt follow the identity of the soul ,but follows the set of individual thoughts it contains.Here is an excerpt of one Lockes essay where he states the personal identity would follow the thoughts themselves, and not the thinking substance. Let any one reflect upon himself,and conclude,that he has in himself an immaterial Spirit,which is that which thinks in him,and in the constant change of his body keeps him the same;and is that which he calls himself: Let him also suppose it to be the same soul,that was in Nestor or Thersites, at the Siege Of Troy.But he,now having no consciousness of any of the Actions either of Nestor or Thersites,does,or can he,conceive himself the same person with either of them? Can he be concerned in either of their actions?Attribute them to himself, or think them his own more than the actions of any other man,that ever existed?But let him once find himself conscious of any of the actions of Nestor,he then finds himself the same person with Nestor.(Section 15).Since we know and read that Locke rejects that the identity of a person is the identity of an immaterial substance or soul.For Locke at every moment you could have a different soul,thoughts,or a different thinker and still have the same person see.(Section 25) Another rejection by Locke is the idea the the identity of a man is needed for the identity of the person.It wouldnt be necessary since you could have the same person in two different beings as he states in the Prince and the Cobbler story. For should the soul of a prince,carrying with it the consciousness of the princes past life,enter and inform the body of a cobbler,as soon as deserted by his own soul,everyone sees he would be the same person with the prince.(Section 15). For Locke personal identity is not enough if it doesnt include the identity of consciousness.According to Locke consciousness is the ideas that a soul entertains,not in the soul that entertains them.The most important part of consciousness is memory,since memory can remember the actions and experiences of some past person,from the perspective of that person,then one thereby qualifies as identical with that person.To Locke he describes personal identity as a forensic notion.(Section 26).While most philosophers and philosophy get confused with his identity of consciousness Locke statedFor since consciousness always accompanies thinking,and it is that which makes every one to be what he calls self,and thereby distinguishes himself from all other thinking things:in this along consists consists personal identity and as far as this consciousness can be extended backwards to any past action or thought,so far reaches the identity of that person;it is the same self now it was then;and it is b y the same self with this present one that now reflects on it,that that action was done.(Section 9). Overtime John Locke has been criticized by his theories and his way of thinking by fellow philosophers and other entities.Thomas Reid has a view that is similar to Descartes in which a person who is a simple indivisible substance that has no temporal or spatial parts.Thomas Reid states that My personal identity implies the continued existence of that indivisible thing which I can myself.Whatever this self may be,it is something which thinks,and deliberates,and resolves,and acts and suffers.I am not thought,I am not action, I am not action,I am not feeling;I am something that thinks,and acts and suffers.My thoughts,and actions,and feelings change every moment;they have no continues,but a successive,existence that self or I,to which they belong,is permanent,and has the same relation to all the succeeding thoughts,actions,and feelings which I call mine. Reid argues that memory is the evidence for personal identity,but not the basis of personal identity.Reid developed several arguments w hich go against John Lockes memory is the basis of personal identity.The four main arguments that Reide goes against Locke are: The Duplication problem which states one person may be identity with more than one person. The Brave Soldier Paradox which a man may be ,and at the same time not be,the person that did a particular action. The problem of removing reward punishment and responsibility. The minor objection that confuses consciousness with memory.

Elements of the Gothic Genre

The gothic novel was invented almost single-handedly by Horace Walpole, whose The Castle of Otranto (1764) contains essentially all the elements that constitute the genre. Walpole's novel was imitated not only in the eighteenth century and not only in the novel form, but it has influenced writing, poetry, and even film making up to the present day. It introduced the term â€Å"gothic romance† to the literary world. Due to its inherently supernatural, surreal and sublime elements, it has maintained a dark and mysterious appeal. However, the roots of the Gothic? precede the Gothic? works of Horace Walpole.The focus on the grotesque in the medieval period (visible especially in the paintings and architecture of the period) provides a key backdrop against which Gothic must be read, as do the violent and often grotesque tragedies written for the Elizabethan and Jacobean theatre, with their detailed, almost surgical exploration of the supernatural, vice, corruption, imprisonment, br utality and sexuality, all of which were to provide the very substance of the Gothic authors. (Note particularly ‘Macbeth? and ‘Dr Faustus?) Gothic literature is devoted primarily to stories of horror, the fantastic, and the â€Å"darker† supernatural forces.These forces often represent the â€Å"dark side† of human nature— irrational or destructive desires. Gothic literature derives its name from its similarities to the Gothic medieval cathedrals, which feature a majestic, unrestrained architectural style with often savage or grotesque ornamentation (the word â€Å"Gothic† derives from â€Å"Goth,† the name of one of the barbaric Germanic tribes that invaded the Roman Empire). The Gothic genre (in both literature and architecture) is therefore associated with savagery and barbarism.Generally speaking, gothic literature delves into the macabre nature of humanity in its quest to satisfy mankind's intrinsic desire to plumb the depths of t error. The key features of gothic texts are: 1) the appearance of the supernatural, 2) the psychology of horror and/or terror, 3) the poetics of the sublime, 4) a sense of mystery and dread 5) the appealing hero/villain, 6) the distressed heroine, and 7) strong moral closure (usually at least). ELEMENTS OF THE GOTHIC IN TEXTS 1. Setting in a castle or haunted house. The action takes place in and around an old castle, sometimes seemingly abandoned, sometimes occupied.The castle often contains secret passages, trap doors, secret rooms, dark or hidden staircases, and possibly ruined sections. The castle may be near or connected to caves, which lend their own haunting flavour with their branchings, claustrophobia, and mystery. (Translated into modern filmmaking, the setting might be in an old house or mansion–or even a new house–where unusual camera angles, sustained close ups during movement, and darkness or shadows create the same sense of claustrophobia and entrapment. ) It is usually a dwelling that is inhabited by or visited regularly by a ghost or other supposedly supernatural being.Example: Horace Walpole's The Castle of Otranto. Walpole's novel first introduced to gothic literature its single most influential convention, the haunted castle. The castle is the main setting of the story and the centre of activity. Cemetery /Graveyard. A cemetery defines a place which is used for the burial of the dead. Cemeteries are widely used in Gothic Literature as oftentimes frightening places where revenance can occur. Catacombs are especially evocative Gothic spaces because they enable the living to enter below ground a dark labyrinth resonating with the presences and mysteries of the dead. . The Weather is used in a number of ways and forms, some of these being: Mist – This convention in Gothic Literature is often used to obscure objects (this can be related to the sublime) by reducing visibility or to prelude the insertion of a terrifying person or thing; Storms – These frequently accompany important events. Flashes of lightning accompany revelation; thunder and downpours prefigure the appearance of a character or the beginning of a significant event (eg thunder precedes the entrance of the witches in ‘Macbeth?;Sunlight – represents goodness and pleasure; it also has the power to bestow these upon characters. 3. An atmosphere of mystery and suspense. (or a sense of dread) The work is pervaded by a threatening feeling, a fear enhanced by the unknown. Often the plot itself is built around a mystery, such as unknown parentage, a disappearance, or some other inexplicable event eg. Ghosts walking or a painting coming to life. There may be an ancient prophecy connected with the castle or its inhabitants. It is usually obscure, partial or confusing.This serves to captivate the reader and encourage further reading. The atmosphere may also be seen acting upon the protagonists in texts, influencing them by excitin g their curiosity or fear. 4. Claustrophobia / Entrapment & Imprisonment: A favourite horror device of the Gothic finds a person confined or trapped, such as being shackled to a floor or hidden away in some dark cell or cloister. This sense of there being no way out contributes to the claustrophobic psychology of Gothic space. It consists of an abnormal dread of being confined in a close or narrow space.Often ttributed to actual physical imprisonment or entrapment, claustrophobia can also figure more generally as an indicator of the victim's sense of helplessness or horrified mental awareness of being enmeshed in some dark, inscrutable destiny 5. The supernatural may be intrinsic to the plot. This is generally in the form of some kind of supernatural being or object, such as a vampire, witch, devil or ghost, which is frightening due to its refusal to adhere to the laws of nature, God or man. In ‘Macbeth? there are three witches. Dr Faustus communicates with a demon and indirec tly with Lucifer.All of ‘Paradise Lost? involves the supernatural. 6. Dreams, omens, portents, visions. Dreaming is characterised as a form of mental activity that takes place during the act of sleep. Dreams invoke strong emotions within the dreamer, such as ecstasy, joy and terror. Dreams dredge up these deep emotions and premonitions that reflect tellingly upon the dreamer, what one might conceal during waking hours but what emerges in sleep to haunt and arouse the dreamer. It is most likely due to this heightened emotional state that dreams are used so often within Gothic Literature.By invoking dream states within their characters, authors are able to illustrate emotions on a more unmediated and, oftentimes, terrifying level. Dreams reveal to the reader what the character is often too afraid to realise about himself or herself. Dreaming also has an ancient relation with the act of foretelling wherein the future is glimpsed in the dream state. Perhaps the most famous Gothic example of significant dreams occurs in Shelley's ‘Frankenstein? after Frankenstein ‘awakes' his creature: he falls into a dream state that begins with his kissing of Elizabeth, his love.However, this kiss changes her in the most drastic way as she transforms into the rotting corpse of Caroline, Victor's dead mother. Upon awakening from this horrifying dream, Victor finds himself staring into the face of the monster he has created. Interpretations of this dream lead to explorations of Frankenstein's psyche, relational ability and sexuality. A character may have a disturbing dream vision, or some phenomenon may be seen as a portent of coming events. For example, if the statue of the lord of the manor falls over, it may portend his death.In modern fiction, a character might see something (a shadowy figure stabbing another shadowy figure) and think that it was a dream. This might be thought of as an â€Å"imitation vision. † Banquo in ‘Macbeth? dreams of the â €˜weird sisters?. Lady Macbeth?s suppressed guilt emerges when she is seen sleepwalking. 7. The stock characters of Gothic fiction include tyrants, villains, bandits, maniacs, Byronic heroes, persecuted maidens, femmes fatales, madwomen, magicians, vampires, werewolves, monsters, demons, angel, fallen angel, the beauty and the beast, revenants, ghosts, perambulating skeletons, the Wandering Jew, and the Devil himself. .Villain-Hero (Satanic, Promethean, Byronic Hero) The villain of a story who either 1) poses as a hero at the beginning of the story or 2) simply possesses enough heroic characteristics (charisma, sympathetic past, etc) so that either the reader or the other characters see the villain-hero as more than a simple charlatan or bad guy. Three closely related types exist: Satanic Hero: a Villain-Hero whose nefarious deeds and justifications of them make him a more interesting character than the rather bland good hero.Example: The origin of this prototype comes from Roman tic misreading of Milton's Paradise Lost, whose Satan poets like Blake and Shelley regarded as a far more compelling figure than the moralistic God of Book III of the epic. Gothic examples: Beckford's Vathek, Radcliffe's Montoni, and just about any vampire. Promethean: a Villain-Hero who has done good but only by performing an over-reaching or rebellious act. Prometheus from ancient Greek mythology saved mankind but only after stealing fire and ignoring Zeus' order that mankind should be kept in a state of subjugation.Mary Shelley's Frankenstein is tellingly subtitled the â€Å"Modern Prometheus. † Consider whether Dr Faustus is a Promethean hero. (The vaulting arches and spires of Gothic cathedrals reach wildly to the sky as if the builders were trying to grasp the heavens , an ambition for the eternal that is likewise expressed in many works of Gothic literature (consider Manfred's quest for supernatural power in Byron's poem, or Frankenstein's quest to become godlike by cr eating life or Dr. Faustus pact – offering his soul for 24 years of power).Byronic Hero: a later variation of the â€Å"antithetically mixed† Villain-Hero. Aristocratic, suave, moody, handsome, solitary, secretive, brilliant, cynical, sexually intriguing, and nursing a secret wound, he is renowned because of his fatal attraction for female characters and readers and continues to occasion debate about gender issues. Example: Byron's Childe Harold and, more gothically, Manfred are the best examples, but this darkly attractive and very conflicted male figure surfaces everywhere in the 19th and 20th century gothic eg Heathcliff or Wilde?s Dorian Gray.Byron himself was described as â€Å"mad, bad and dangerous to know. † The Byronic hero in literature and life: A. Robin Hood B. Richard III C. Iago D. Faust/ Dr. Faustus E. Milton's Satan F. Victor Frankenstein G. Frankenstein's Creature H. Dracula I. Byron?s Manfred J. Cain K. Lara L. Conrad M. Childe Harold N. Byron, Shelley O. Ambrosio P. Peter Quint Q. Miss Jessel R. Stalin S. Hitler T. The Unabomber U. Prometheus 9. The Pursued Protagonist This refers to the idea of a pursuing force that relentlessly acts in a severely negative manner on a character.This persecution often implies the notion of some sort of a curse or other form of terminal and utterly unavoidable damnation, a notion that usually suggests a return or â€Å"hangover† of traditional religious ideology to chastise the character for some real or imagined wrong against the moral order. The Wandering Jew is perhaps the archetypically pursued/pursuing protagonist. –Drew McCray 10. Pursuit of the Heroine This is the pursuit of a virtuous and idealistic (and usually poetically inclined) young woman by a villain, normally portrayed as a wicked, older but still potent aristocrat.While in many early Gothic novels such a chase occurs across a Mediterranean forest and/or through a subterranean labyrinth, the pursuit of the he roine is by no means limited to these settings. This pursuit represents a threat to the young lady's ideals and morals (usually meaning her virginity), to which the heroine responds in the early works with a passive courage in the face of danger; later gothic heroines progressively become more active and occasionally effective in their attempts to escape this pursuit and indict patriarchy. eg. Angela Carter?s ‘The Bloody Chamber. ?Women in distress. As an appeal to the pathos and sympathy of the reader, the female characters often face events that leave them fainting, terrified, screaming, and/or sobbing. A lonely, pensive, and oppressed heroine is often the central figure of the novel, so her sufferings are even more pronounced and the focus of attention. The women suffer all the more because they are often abandoned, left alone (either on purpose or by accident), and have no protector at times.Women threatened by a powerful, impulsive, tyrannical male. One or more male chara cters has the power, as king, lord of the manor, father, or guardian, to demand that one or more of the female characters do something intolerable. The woman may be commanded to marry someone she does not love (it may even be the powerful male himself), or commit a crime. 11. The Outsider: The one theme that cuts through virtually all Gothic is that of the â€Å"outsider,† embodied in wanderers like Frankenstein's creature.Gothic fiction is concerned with the outsider, whether the stationary figure who represses his difference, or the wandering figure who seeks for some kind of salvation, or else the individual who for whatever reason- moves entirely outside the norm. In any event, he is beyond the moderating impulses in society, and he must be punished for his transgression. He is gloomy and melancholy, full of self-pity and self-hatred. Like Cain, he is the perpetual outsider, marked by his appearance, doomed to wander the four corners of the earth, alone and reviled.It may be argued that Frankenstein himself becomes an outsider as he grows more and more like his creation. . While the society at large always appears bourgeois in its culture and morality, the Gothic outsider is a counterforce driven by strange longings and destructive needs. While everyone else appears sane, he is insane; while everyone else appears bound by legalities, he is trying to snap the pitiless constrictions of the law; while everyone else seems to lack any peculiarities of taste or behaviour, he feels only estrangement, sick longings, terrible surges of power and devastation.Take for example, Heathcliff in ‘Wuthering Heights?. 12. Possession The popularity of belief in demonic possession seems to have originated within Christian Theology during the Middle Ages. During this time, Christians lived in fear concerning the war being waged between God and the Devil over every mortal soul. Hence, this fear of possession seemed to culminate into an act that could be viewed by t he mortal eye. This act is defined as the forced possession of a mortal body by the Devil or one of his demons.There are two types of possession and either can be voluntary or involuntary. Voluntary possession seems to involve a willing exchange in the form of some compact between evil spirit and mortal, often involving wealth, power or goods (eg. The pact Faustus makes); involuntary possession occurs when the devil randomly selects an unwitting host. The two types of possession consist of the transference of the Devil or demon directly into the mortal body or the sending of the Devil or demon into the body by a third party, usually a mortal dabbler in the dark arts.Following the act, the possessed is said to show many symptoms including abnormal strength, personality changes, fits, convulsions, bodily odours resembling sulphur, lewd and lascivious actions, the ability to levitate, the ability to speak in tongues or the ability to foretell future events. Many religions acknowledge t he act of possession still today, most notably the Catholic Church. There seem to be three ways in which to end a possession. 13. Revenance This is the return of the dead to terrorise or to settle some score with the living.4. Revenge Revenge is characterized as the act of repaying someone for a harm that the person has caused; the idea also points back generically to one of the key influences upon Gothic literature: the revenge tragedies of Elizabethan and Jacobean drama. Revenge may be enacted upon a loved one, a family member, a friend, an object or even an area. Within Gothic Literature, revenge is notably prominent and can be enacted by or upon mortals as well as spirits.Revenge can take many forms, such as harm to body, harm to loved ones, and harm to family. The most Gothic version of revenge in Gothic Literature is the idea that it can be a guiding force in the revenance of the dead. 15. Unreliable Narrator A narrator tells a story and determines the story?s point of view. A n unreliable narrator, however, does not understand the importance of a particular situation or makes an incorrect conclusion or assumption about an event that he/she witnesses.An important issue in determining the The Turn of the Screw. 16. Multiple Narrative/Spiral Narrative Method The story is frequently told through a series of secret manuscripts or multiple tales, each revealing a deeper secret, so the narrative gradually spirals inward toward the hidden truth. The narrator is often a firstperson narrator compelled to tell the story to a fascinated or captive listener (representing the captivating power of forbidden knowledge). (Note ‘Wuthering Heights?) 17. High, even overwrought emotion.The narration may be highly sentimental, and the characters are often overcome by anger, sorrow, surprise, and especially, terror. Characters suffer from raw nerves and a feeling of impending doom. Crying and emotional speeches are frequent. Breathlessness and panic are common. In the fi lmed gothic, screaming is common. 18. The Sublime: The definition of this key term has long been a contested term, but the idea of the sublime is essential to an understanding of Gothic poetics and, especially, the attempt to defend or justify the literature of terror.Put basically (and this really is basic – a fuller understanding of the Sublime would be useful to students of Wordsworth or any Gothic Literature), the Sublime is an overpowering sense of the greatness and power of nature, which can be uplifting, aweinspiring and terrifying, caused by experience of beauty, vastness or grandeur. Sublime moments lead us to consider the place of humanity in the universe, and the power exhibited in the world. 19. Darkness as intrinsic to humanity:Generally speaking, gothic literature delves into the macabre nature of humanity in its quest to satiate mankind's intrinsic desire to plumb the depths of terror. 0. Necromancy This is the black art of communicating with the dead. This is usually done to obtain information about the future, but can also be used for other purposes, such as getting the dead to perform deeds of which humans are not capable. The conjurer often stood in a circle, such as a pentagram, in order to protect himself from the dead spirit, yet he was often overpowered by the spirit. Examples: The most famous examples of necromancy can be found in literary renditions of the Faust legend, from Marlowe to Johann Wolfgang von Goethe to Byron with his Manfred.In these works, Faust not only speaks with the devil in order to strike a deal but necromantically invokes various dead, famous figures from the past for his amusement and edification. 21. Blood -This is a prominent symbol in Gothic works often intimating the paradox of the human condition; blood can represent both life and death, or both guilt (e. g. , murder) and innocence (e. g. , redemptive blood). Consider references to blood in ‘Macbeth?, Byron's Manfred and Mary Shelley's Frankenste in. 22.Marriage as Resolution: The importance of marriage in this scheme cannot be overstated. Not only does movement toward matrimony in the Gothic's present trigger the appearance of the buried past, but that buried past itself always contains information tied to the institutions of matrimony or family interest. 23. Sadism : The word â€Å"sadism† was coined to describe the writings of Donatien-AlphonseFrancois, the Marquis de Sade. Sadism is a sexual perversion where one person gains gratification by inflicting physical or mental pain on others.It can also mean a delight in torment or excessive cruelty. (Heathcliff in ‘Wuthering Heights? / or the husband in ‘The Bloody Chamber?. 24. Strong Moral Closure: If de Sade is to be believed, the Gothic genre arose as a response to the brutality and bloodiness of Romantic society, and it as part of this response that Gothic fiction usually contains a strong moral. 25. The metonymy of gloom and horror. Metonymy is a subt ype of metaphor, in which something (like rain) is used to stand for something else (like sorrow).For example, the film industry likes to use metonymy as a quick shorthand, so we often notice that it is raining in funeral scenes. Note that the following metonymies for â€Å"doom and gloom† all suggest some element of mystery, danger, or the supernatural. wind, especially howling doors grating on rusty hinges footsteps approaching lights in abandoned rooms characters trapped in a room ruins of buildings thunder and lightning rain, especially blowing sighs, moans, howls, eerie sounds clanking chains gusts of wind blowing out lights doors suddenly slamming shut aying of distant dogs (or wolves? ) crazed laughter 26. The vocabulary of the gothic. The constant use of the appropriate vocabulary set creates the atmosphere of the gothic.Here as an example are some of the words (in several categories) that help make up the vocabulary of the gothic in The Castle of Otranto: Mystery dia bolical, enchantment, ghost, goblins, haunted, infernal, magic, magician, miracle, necromancer, omens, ominous, portent, preternatural, prodigy, prophecy, secret, sorcerer, spectre, spirits, strangeness, talisman, vision Fear, Terror, or Sorrow fflicted, affliction, agony, anguish, apprehensions, apprehensive, commiseration, concern, despair, dismal, dismay, dread, dreaded, dreading, fearing, frantic, fright, frightened, grief, hopeless, horrid, horror, lamentable, melancholy, miserable, mournfully, panic, sadly, scared, shrieks, sorrow, sympathy, tears, terrible, terrified, terror, unhappy, wretched Surprise alarm, amazement, astonished, astonishment, shocking, staring, surprise, surprised, thunderstruck, wonder Haste anxious, breathless, flight, frantic, hastened, hastily, impatience, impatient, impatiently, impetuosity, precipitately, running, sudden, suddenlyAnger anger, angrily, choler, enraged, furious, fury, incense, incensed, provoked, rage, raving, resentment, temper, wrath , wrathful, wrathfully Largeness enormous, gigantic, giant, large, tremendous, vast 27. Elements of Romance In addition to the standard gothic aspects, many gothic novels contain elements of romance as well. Elements of romance include these: Powerful love. Heart stirring, often sudden, emotions create a life or death commitment. Many times this love is the first the character has felt with this overwhelming power. Uncertainty of reciprocation. What is the beloved thinking?Is the lover's love returned or not? Unreturned love. Someone loves in vain (at least temporarily). Later, the love may be returned. Tension between true love and father's control, disapproval, or choice. Most often, the father of the woman disapproves of the man she loves. Lovers parted. Some obstacle arises and separates the lovers, geographically or in some other way. One of the lovers is banished, arrested, forced to flee, locked in a dungeon, or sometimes, disappears without explanation. Or, an explanation ma y be given (by the person opposing the lovers' being together) that later turns out to be false.Gothicism: In literary criticism, this refers to works characterised by a taste for the medieval or morbidly attractive. A gothic novel prominently features elements of horror, the supernatural, gloom, and violence: clanking chains, terror, charnel houses, ghosts, medieval castles, and mysteriously slamming doors. The term â€Å"gothic novel† is also applied to novels that lack elements of the traditional Gothic setting but that create a similar atmosphere of terror or dread. Mary Shelley's Frankenstein is perhaps the best-known English work of this kind. Grotesque 1) This term originated from oddly shaped ornaments found within Roman dwellings, or grottoes, during the first century. From a literary standpoint, this term implies a mutation of the characters, plants and/or animals. This mutation transforms the normal features and/or behaviours into veritable extremes that are meant to be frightening and/or disturbingly comic (Cornwell 273. (2) The term grotesque also defines a work in which two separate modes, comedy and tragedy, are mixed. The result is a disturbing fiction wherein comic circumstances prelude horrific tragedy and vice versa.

Motivation and Team Case Study Essay

There are four Theories of Motivation. They are Expectancy Theory, Goal Setting Theory, Equity Theory, and Job Enrichment Theory. Each could be used, individually or all could be used in combination, to help motivate employees to perform their jobs to the best of their abilities to achieve the success they desire. When employees are motivated and feel appreciated they tend to care more about their jobs and become more productive, which in turn can help the business be more successful. In the case study of Two Men and A Truck and Mary Ellen Sheets the Expectancy Theory and the Job Enrichment Theory were used to motivate her to grow her business. Even though Mary Ellen Sheets started the company she knew that with hard work she could grow her business and make it successful. Mary Ellen Sheets also understood that if she applied herself and worked hard she would have the success she desired. Even though she made many mistakes she was motivated to continue on and make her business a success. To create high performing teams Mary Ellen Sheets established Stick Men University where her franchise owners and movers could learn the basics such as answering phone calls to the final handshake after the move is completed. There is also a two story house and a computer lab. In the two story house the movers are taught the proper ways to move, and in the computer lab franchise owners are taught to pay royalties electronically and communicate with other franchise owners about what is working and what is not (Jones, 2007).The University gave all employees and franchise owners consistency in what was expected as well the ability to communicate with other franchise owners. In the case study for Siemens and Klaus Kleinfeld the Expectancy Theory and the Goal Setting Theory are used. Kleinfeld was motivated and he helped motivate all of the workers to pull together to save their jobs. By working hard and applying themselves they were able to grow Siemens Medical into Siemens most profitable business. He had goals that required workers to work flexible  shifts and also to work weekends to speed up production. Kleinfeld created high performing teams by emphasizing common goals and creating opportunities for joint gain. A common goal was to save the medical division of the company and make it successful. Many of the employees fought the changes but eventually pulled together and made the division profitable. Creating opportunities for joint gain allowed the employees and the company to come up with ideas that allowed them to be more productive therefore saving their jobs. Depending on the situation, job, company, and employee one, two, or all of the motivation theories can be used to help motivate employees to become more productive. Also an employee that is motivated and challenged to perform better will usually be more invested in the company and be more willing to work harder to achieve the success they desire. Reference Jones. (2007). Motivating and Managing People and Groups in Business Organizations. In Jones, Introduction To Business: How Companies Create Value For People. McGraw-Hill Companies.

Global Environmental Issues Facing Climate Change Essay

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